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(em português: sol2070.in/2025/04/livro-how-high-we-go-in-the-dark/ )

How High We Go in the Dark (2023, 320 pages) by Sequoia Nagamatsu. I stumbled upon this book randomly: I found the synopsis intriguing and was curious about this recent dystopian bestseller I had never heard of. What ultimately led me to read it was Alan Moore’s recommendation:

"Haunting and luminous . . . Beautiful and lucid science fiction. An astonishing debut."

The setting is a pandemic that wipes out most of humanity, caused by a virus released with the thawing of Arctic permafrost. In other words, it’s a climate fiction novel about an accelerated end-of-the-world scenario. We follow the stories of different characters over the following decades, presented like independent short stories, but all interconnected through the environmental context. There’s also a central plotline that gradually unfolds in the background. All stories focus on family or romantic relationships, most involving loss and grief.

This is the central theme of the novel — how people respond intimately and emotionally to the losses of an apocalypse — developed brilliantly, deeply, and movingly, full of pop and nerd culture, with a bit of rock ’n’ roll.

With billions dying from the pandemic, one sector comes to dominate the economy: the funeral, palliative, or hospicing services. Megacorporations form around death. Instead of Big Tech, what rules is a kind of “Big Death.”

One of the most devastating stories takes place in a kind of Disneyland for child euthanasia, where terminally ill children spend their last day in intense fun, dying on a roller coaster.

In another, the protagonist has a menial job in a “eulogy hotel”, where those who can afford it house their dying loved ones to spend their last days in luxury.

The sci-fi setting serves as a stage for stories of lives marked by death. But that’s not all. There’s a mystery surrounding the virus’s origin that leads to cosmic revelations, including an intriguing otherworldly dimension and the challenge of regeneration (more on that in the “Spoiler” section).

This format of human stories connected within a larger sci-fi framework reminded me of the classic The Martian Chronicles (1950), where master Ray Bradbury imagines the very personal lives involved in the colonization of Mars.

Another distinctive element is that almost all the characters are of Japanese descent, although most stories take place in the U.S., with a few in Japan. The often uneasy intergenerational experience of families who migrated to the U.S. appears frequently. This isn’t just a reflection of the author’s Japanese-American identity — there’s a fantastical element that centrally connects the Asian archipelago to the plot.

These highly speculative elements, which break the predominant realism, might surprise or even shock readers fully immersed in the powerful human dimension of the stories. At times I thought, “Where did that come from?!” But upon closer reflection, these elements don’t come out of nowhere — they had been subtly foreshadowed throughout the stories.

The way the various characters are connected is intricate, and I got lost a few times. I’d have to reread it to fully grasp everything. Still, I didn’t find that crucial and enjoyed the book regardless.

Spoiler: Fantastic and Supernatural Elements
The title of the book refers to a scene in a post-death beyond, where a crowd of people who died in the pandemic, immersed in total darkness, build a human pyramid to see how high the darkness goes, or whether they could escape. What they manage is to lift a baby to the top — where gravity is almost absent — and the child ascends from there to be reborn.

It’s a fantastic and surreal chapter, so central that it gives the book its name: “How High We Go in the Dark.” But I didn’t quite understand how it connects to the other stories, except that some of the lives portrayed there had already been told.

Midway through the book, an ark carrying 50 chosen people escapes a depopulated and virus-ravaged Earth in 2037, on a journey in search of a habitable planet. The ship is powered by artificial micro-black holes, following the discovery of this revolutionary technology, told in another chapter. They spend 6,000 years in cryogenic suspension, with key individuals waking periodically to assess potential planets along the way.

They pass a dead planet with ruins of an advanced civilization, while on Earth, centuries have gone by and humanity has already regenerated and flourished again.

In the end, an immortal alien species is revealed, responsible for creating and caring for worlds like Earth. The woman who designed life on Earth had been living on the planet since its beginning, and the body of the mixed-race Neanderthal — with a strange glow in her chest from where the virus escaped — was her daughter. The virus was the accidental result of something that shouldn’t have happened: interspecies crossbreeding.

These elements completely break the realism that dominates 90% of the book. Since they make up a much smaller portion of the story, even though they explain the rest, I felt they were a bit disconnected, despite their intriguing quality.

It doesn’t ruin the book, and I definitely recommend it.

( sol2070.in/2025/04/nao-me-abandone-jamais-kazuo-ishiguro/ )

"Não me Abandone Jamais" ("Never Let Me Go", 2005, 344 pgs) é uma premiada ficção distópica do escritor nipo-inglês Kazuo Ishiguro, que ganhou o Nobel de literatura em 2017.

Não é à toa que costuma aparecer nas listas de melhores romances do século 21. Conta a estória de duas moças e um rapaz que cresceram em um internato inglês inesquecível, evocando tanto memórias idílicas quanto mistérios sombrios. Os três são ligados por uma profunda amizade e um conflituoso triângulo amoroso, enquanto vão descobrindo os segredos da escola e quem realmente são.

As personagens são pessoas de uma classe social com fins ultra-específicos, e a rememoração em primeira pessoa da protagonista Kathy penetra seus conflitos e anseios únicos, mas também humanamente universais.

É difícil falar sobre o que é sem espoliar e, caso queira ler, recomendo passar longe da sinopse da versão brasileira. Há um mistério na primeira parte do romance que o resumo da editora espolia sem muita noção.

Romance é um dos elementos principais, mas o título na verdade não é a súplica amorosa que parece. Trata-se da balada de mesmo nome — “Never Let Me Go”, lançada em 1956 com a voz de Judy Bridgewater — que tem um papel-chave na estória.

No fim, é um poderoso drama sobre relações e o que gera humanidade mesmo em meio a uma desumanidade sistêmica extrema. Bastante íntimo e pessoal, mas totalmente interligado a um contexto tecno-sociopolítico distópico. É daquelas estórias que enriquecem destroçando o coração.

Foi o livro de abril do clube de leitura Contrapa ( forum.contracapa.club/d/28-nao-me-abandone-jamais ). O próximo é o grandioso "A Trama das Árvores", de Richard Powers.

SPOILER E O FILME O que não quis escrever acima para não estragar a experiência de quem for ler é que as personagens são clones, criadas apenas para terem seus órgãos colhidos. Caso quem lê não souber isso de antemão e for compreendendo gradualmente com o desenrolar da narrativa, é bastante impactante.

O modo como essa descoberta ocorre, de certo modo, é parecido com os estágios de compreensão das próprias personagens. Elas só percebem totalmente do que são vítimas quando já estão morrendo e não há mais nada a fazer. Mas não é que isso tenha sido ocultado. Na verdade, é bastante mencionado desde a infância delas, de modo incompleto, sem ênfase ou revelações com consequências existenciais. As crianças desde cedo são ensinadas que não são como as outras pessoas e que existem apenas para “fazer doações de órgãos”.

Há uma boa adaptação cinematográfica de Mark Romanek, de 2010. Recomendavam-me esse filme, mas eu resistia porque, pelo trailer, parecia só um melodrama.

Assisti por causa do roteiro do grande Alex Garland há uns anos e me impressionou, levando-me ao livro. Como a adaptação tenta contar a mesma estória com fidelidade, é um caso em que dá para comparar as duas obras lado-a-lado.

O filme sai perdendo bastante. Em boa parte, porque não tem como comparar algo que exige, no total, mais de 10 horas de leitura, literalmente entrando na cabeça da protagonista, com um resumo audiovisual de 1h40.

Mesmo assim, ainda recomendo o filme. É um dos melhores do tipo “estória de amor distópica”. Mas, por exemplo, pelo que lembro, ele não mostra o significado do título, eliminando uma das cenas-chave do livro, entre vários outros elementos — como a carência afetiva intensa das crianças que nunca tiveram mãe nem pai e, por isso, competem até pelo afeto das professoras.

Ao terminar o livro, fiquei com a mesmíssima sensação de algo arrasador e inquietante do final do filme. Não sei identificar exatamente o porquê, mas, entre outros motivos, parece estar ligado à juventude das pessoas clonadas.

Além de não ser possível um final melhor — não há escapatória —, elas morrem todas cedo demais, antes dos 30 anos. Imagino que não há tempo para nenhuma satisfação ou compreensão maior da vida. Morrem apenas perplexas, em maior ou menor grau, diante da brutalidade trágica e disfarçada de suas existências sem sentido, como coisas cultivadas para gerar órgãos.

Há muitos paralelos com a realidade. Por exemplo, o fato de que, para elas, a revolta não é algo nem ao menos concebível. Foram ensinadas desde muito cedo a aceitarem sua condição. Alguém poderia imaginar que, na verdade, não é uma vida tão ruim. Há amizades, amor, trabalho, sexo, arte, passatempos diversos… Mas o fato de que estão sendo desumanamente exploradas, literalmente assassinadas, permanece gritante.

Achei fascinante como as crianças terminam espontaneamente criando seus próprios mitos. Elas recebem uma educação completamente laica, sem nenhuma religião. Então, criam estórias e lendas que terminam virando uma mitologia própria.

Por exemplo, no internato, há uma sala para onde são levados todos os objetos perdidos. Elas começam a imaginar que há algo similar num nível federal, em uma cidade abandonada (Norfolk) que centralizaria tudo o que é perdido na Inglaterra. Sabem que é uma fantasia infantil, como muitas outras que alimentaram e, num nível subliminar, continuaram entretendo. Bem no final, Kathy vê uma pilha de lixo sob uma árvore em um campo com o sol se pondo e fantasia que é a grande montanha de achados e perdidos de Norfolk, onde poderia encontrar as coisas que perdeu na vida, incluindo até o amor.

Pouco antes, o esclarecedor diálogo com Madame sugere boas intenções por parte da administração do internato de Hailsham, à primeira vista. O lugar era parte de um projeto de tratamento mais humanizado das pessoas doadoras que, em outros locais e épocas, eram tratadas como animais. Apesar de não conseguirem nenhum tempo de vida a mais para si, Kathy e Tommy foram muito privilegiados por terem crescido lá. Mas o mal-estar permanece.

Parece mais uma nobre fachada. Como servir um banquete de última refeição — a pena de morte não muda em nada. Talvez tenha sido isso que tornou o final tão inquietante. Lembra os confortos paliativos da nossa modernidade que, no fundo, são como tornar aconchegante a cela no corredor da morte.

Outro elemento revelador, pra mim, foi o formato da narrativa. Apesar de isso não ser enfatizado, Kathy, na verdade, foi quem escreveu o livro. Isso parece claro no início, quando ela se dirige explicitamente a quem estiver lendo:

"Conheço cuidadores que trabalham tão bem quanto eu e que não recebem nem a metade dos créditos. Se você for um deles, entendo o motivo de possíveis res­senti­mentos (…)."

Ela se dirige a uma pessoa leitora que não conhece, do mesmo modo quando um livro é escrito (sua grande familiaridade com a literatura aparece em outros momentos). Isso acaba sendo relevante pois o livro é como se fosse a “história íntima” daquelas pessoas condenadas. No fim, esse foi o ato de revolta que estava ao seu alcance, para que outras pessoas pudessem perceber a insanidade brutal do sistema que dependem para prolongarem suas vidas. E quem lê o livro, no final, somos nós.

( em português: sol2070.in/2025/04/livro-where-the-axe-is-buried/ )

One of the few books I had marked on my calendar for its release: “Where The Axe is Buried” (2025, 336 pages), by one of the best contemporary science fiction authors, the American writer Ray Nayler.

In addition to being exemplary science fiction — with provocative speculation, memorable characters, and excellent writing — the author often expresses a critical view of the current direction of science and technology, which has been hijacked by multibillionaires. He explores how this trend dominates politics and also connects to environmental destruction.

Even among the titles I carefully choose, I constantly come across the same techno-optimism — almost cult-like — that now spreads from the big tech companies and their defenders. So it’s a relief to dive into a story of this kind that is not only free of that mindset but openly critical of it.

The novel is a breathtaking cyberpunk thriller. In a distant future, Europe is divided between countries that have handed their governments over to AIs and a tyranny — expanding out of Russia — that puts all previous dictatorships to shame due to the extremely granular surveillance and control of individuals made possible by information technology.

There’s a handful of key characters spread across various countries, and the chapters alternate between them during a crisis that seems to be affecting both blocs — involving hacking, popular subversion, an unprecedented new technology, and political conspiracy.

It’s as if William Gibson had written “1984”, with, however, a strong emphasis on the human element. This is what makes the novel emotionally engaging as well, despite the thorny sociopolitical themes that reflect our present reality.

The countries entirely dominated by AIs — that have even surrendered their governments to algorithms — are referred to as "rationalized." One character reflects:

"If everything was better now, why did it feel as if nothing had changed—as if the system that existed before rationalization hadn’t gone away? As if, instead, it had been cemented into place? Made more comfortable for the people at the bottom—but also made permanent, so that they would always be at the bottom?"

Meanwhile, in the bloc of overwhelming techno-totalitarianism, the same dictator has ruled for over a century, having his memories transplanted into new bodies from time to time. A programmer escapes from there to a rationalized London and ends up creating a key technology for change. At the same time, a genuinely revolutionary singularity begins to stir among the AIs. All of this then interweaves with social germs of insurgency, which finally reach maturity.

It was one of the best science fiction stories I’ve read in years — perhaps since Ray Nayler’s debut novel: “The Mountain in the Sea” (2022).

A set of loosely-connected stories set in the final years of a color-based enslaving society, the war for liberation, and the messy aftermath.

It’s brutal at times, but not as gut-wrenching as The Word for World is Forest, in large part because the viewpoint characters aren’t the ones carrying out the atrocities, and in some cases are relating them years later. The characters are also given space to exist beyond the immediate situation.

It’s not an exact analog of the United States before, during and after our civil war, but it’s clearly our own history and present that Le Guin is critiquing: plantations, color-based slavery (with corresponding prejudices), the struggle for women’s rights following the struggle for freedom, backlashes, and the ongoing struggle to really clean up the oppression and expand civil rights. All with the colors reversed to drive the point home for white readers.

(Cross-posted from my website.)

( em português: sol2070.in/2025/04/livro-david-graeber-ultimate-hidden-truth/ )

”The Ultimate Hidden Truth of the World...” (2024, 384 pgs) brings together articles and interviews by anarchist anthropologist David Graeber.

Anyone who enjoys his thought-provoking work will be delighted. With his characteristic perspicacity, which points out the obvious that no one is noticing, he touches on diverse topics — such as the economy, inequality, the cultural landscape, altruism, the politics of hatred, etc — in which each article could be the starting point to an entire book.

On the other hand, some articles condense central themes from his most influential works, such as “The Dawn of Everything”, “Debt” and “Bullshit Jobs”. Some were the germs that gave rise to the books; others are developments with recapitulation.

The title of the collection, “The Ultimate Hidden Truth of the World”, refers to the theme that runs through some of the articles and is also at the heart of “The Dawn of Everything”. This “ultimate hidden truth” is that we are free to build better societies and lives. There is no compulsory socio-political-economic direction that is not cultural, that was not created by humans. We are not bound by any oppressive fixed destiny. In the same way that the evils that plague humanity, such as inequality, were manufactured, we can manufacture and adapt beneficial and liberating cultures, at the individual and collective levels.

The following is a translation of one of the best articles in the book, in which Graeber speculates — among other topics, such as natural theories about selfishness and altruism, and even the “hard problem” of consciousness — about panpsychism, the idea that all things have at least some cognition. This doesn't mean that every material particle has a soul or intelligence, but rather that, for example, for a molecule to be able to self-organize in the way it does, it needs to “sense” its exterior in some way, and this amounts to a minimum level of cognition.

He goes on to argue that a sense of play, of playing and having fun, being an inseparable expression of a fundamental freedom, is a central aspect of consciousness or subjectivity. And if it is in everything, it would also be in the essence of all reality. Of course, his liberating and anarchically inquisitive spirit could not be missing from this investigation.

The title (“What’s the Point If We Can’t Have Fun?“) seems to refer to the famous phrase by anarchist feminist Emma Goldman: “If I can't dance, it's not my revolution.”

thebaffler.com/salvos/whats-the-point-if-we-cant-have-fun

( sol2070.in/2025/04/livro-clube-dos-jardineiros-de-fumaca/ )

"O Clube dos Jardineiros de Fumaça" (2017, 392 pgs), de Carol Bensimon, é um romance realista em torno de um brasileiro morando no norte da Califórnia, em meio a plantações ilegais de maconha.

Ganhou o Prêmio Jabuti de melhor romance em 2018.

Tinha me interessado pela sinopse, que o resume como “um retrato magistral da geração hippie”. A descrição é pouco fiel. Felizmente. Na verdade, é muito mais sobre a minha geração, a que curtiu à adolescência no final dos anos 90 em meio a rock alternativo e maconha. As referências musicais — como Mazzy Star — encheram-me de nostalgia, além da erva.

O protagonista Arthur é um professor dessa idade que termina na Califórnia, depois de ser demitido no Brasil por cultivar maconha para aliviar os sintomas da quimioterapia da mãe. Conhece um hippão velho e a narrativa adentra um pouco a vida de personagens-chave na luta pela descriminalização da cannabis.

A estória se passa na véspera da legalização do consumo recreativo na Califórnia, em 2016. Apesar de, na época, o uso medicinal já estar regularizado, ainda abundavam plantações ilegais, já que a erva ilegal é mais barata que a oficial — esse cenário dura até hoje.

Adorei ter descoberto a autora, que mantém uma ótima newsletter, e vou procurar seus outros livros.

(em português → sol2070.in/2025/03/livro-toward-eternity-estoria-tecno-espiritual/ )

Reading Anton Hur's science fiction “Toward Eternity” (2024, 256 pgs), I thought about how genuinely interesting futuristic stories end up being spoiled by the ideals of today's techno-economic domination.

The book is a page-turner that would have sounded perfect 20 or 30 years ago, about transhumanist immortality. I read it in two days, stimulated by the fantastic narrative power. The problem is that transhumanist technologies, and all the cargo that comes with them, are being worshipped and sought after especially among technobillionaires and their associated futurist sects ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TESCREAL ).

Last week I listened to a great episode of the podcast Tech Won't Save Us ( techwontsave.us/episode/151_dont_fall_for_the_ai_hype_w_timnit_gebru.html ), with AI researcher Timnit Gebru — it was she who coined, with Émile P. Torres, the term “Tescreal” to refer to these sects. Reading the novel, I was reminded several times of something they mentioned in this program: tech-billionaires and tech-bros have stolen even the imagination of the future.

About 25 years ago, information technology began to stop being seen as a promise to improve the world. Although there have always been dystopian imaginings, there used to be a prevailing optimism about the possibilities of the internet, computer science and even science in general.

Nowadays, in the face of people like Musk, companies like Google and Apple, or even mega-corporations in any sector, it's impossible for me to consider the fusion of bodies and minds with high technology as positive. In the end, all these technologies have been hijacked by the agenda of extracting profits at any cost. And no matter how many positive uses there are, taking into account the size and power of these companies, what will predominate is their interest — very little aligned with that of humanity in general, or that of life itself.

Returning to the book, that's why I say it might have sounded great 30 years ago, when these megacorporations hadn't yet colonized the future. As a story, the novel is very good. It totally absorbs and transports. But at the heart of it, there's the idea that replacing our bodies and minds with biotech and software would be an evolution, as well as another ideal of the tech-oligarchies: to leave the devastated Earth behind and move on to other planets — the tech-space version of colonial expansion.

Even so, I still recommend reading it. The narrative and the writing are exemplary, as well as reflecting on profound existential questions. There's also a queer romance that goes on for ages, as well as a relieving multiculturalism, with virtually no North Americans or Europeans — reflecting the background of the author, who is of Korean origin but grew up in countries such as Thailand and Ethiopia.

A central bio-nanotechnology in the story is a set of artificial cells called “nanites”. They have the ability to replace diseased or decaying cells in the human body and do not die. What begins as a cancer treatment ends with people composed entirely of nanites, virtually immortal.

Although it is not mentioned, this seems to derive from a well-known exercise in imagination linked to the philosophy of consciousness. In a nutshell: imagine that one cell in your body is replaced by another, perhaps from an anonymous donor. Then another, and another... Until all the cells have been gradually replaced. In the end, is the person the same? If so, where is the identity that has remained? If not, at what point did they stop being themselves?

This enigma appears a lot in the story.

The novel begins with a professor of literature, who has cancer, training an AI from a large corporation in a different way, with poetry. He assumes that genuine sentience would emerge from relationships and not from massive training with data, in other words, it would be something that arises from quality and not quantity. Conversations about poetry would expand the machine's subjective repertoire to the point where it too would become an authentic subject — this is another central theme of the story: how language creates identity.

The professor's illness is cured with nanites and, over time, he makes the transition to immortality. His husband continues to age until he dies. I found the centrality of this love story a little exaggerated. Although touching in many moments, the dosage was perhaps over the top in others.

In any case, there is this traumatic loss, reverberating throughout the book. Unexpected complications and side effects arise. On a collective level, the technological changes generate conflicts that escalate. The teacher records the events in a diary, which he then passes on to other characters. They then continue the record over the centuries and catastrophes that follow. The book is this collective diary that tells of humanity's transition towards eternity, from the point of view of key characters — this narrative technique worked very well.

With the nanotechnology of artificial cells, humans actually transcend mortality. It's not hard-sci-fi, i.e. there's no focus on how the technology works. It's just an instrument that makes something fantastic possible. So it's practically a “fantasy science fiction” story. Not that that's a bad thing, on the contrary, there's a more mythological and less technical dimension. One way of reading the story is what the title “Toward Eternity” evokes: a transcendental journey, made possible by science and technology.

This reflects another worrying trend today: technology has become a kind of religion. Some basic longings remain the same: the search for meaning, purpose, communion and transcendence. But now the products and brands of mega-corporations also promise such upliftment.

I remembered another podcast episode ( www.teamhuman.fm/episodes/309-dr-mara-einstein ) with researcher Mara Einstein, author of a book about how corporations use the same tactics as cults to hook and hold customers. That's the problem. The fact that technology and science promise the transcendence of limits, as well as ideals charged with some greater meaning, is not a problem. A dangerous side of spirituality is that it can turn into a cult mentality, especially when it is guided by the interests of entities. With technology and science being guided by corporations, within a destructive exploitative system, then the transcendental quest becomes a lunatic cult.

“Toward Eternity” may be worthwhile if only because it involves all these problematic issues. And if it's possible to strip away all the ideology that it — perhaps inadvertently — conveys, and just enjoy the story, it's a great journey.